Picea sitchensis

The Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) is a vital species in coastal ecosystems along the Pacific Northwest, stretching from northern California to Alaska. Thriving in temperate rainforests and maritime climates, it dominates landscapes with its towering height—often exceeding 200 feet—and distinctive silvery-blue needles. Its presence profoundly shapes the environment and supports a diverse web of life.

This spruce has a deep connection with mycorrhizal fungi, forming symbiotic relationships with species such as Amanita, Lactarius, and Russula. These fungi attach to the tree’s root system, enhancing nutrient and water uptake, while the Sitka spruce supplies the fungi with essential carbohydrates. This partnership not only benefits the spruce but also fosters soil health and supports a range of understory plants.

Sitka spruce forests provide critical habitat for countless species, including bears, deer, and migratory birds. The tree also contributes to coastal resilience, stabilizing soils and buffering against wind and water erosion. Its range closely follows the coastal fog belt, thriving in moist, well-drained soils where it often coexists with western hemlock and red alder.

Despite its ecological importance, the Sitka spruce faces challenges from logging, habitat loss, and climate-related stressors. Nevertheless, its intricate relationships with fungi and wildlife underscore its role as a keystone species in coastal forest ecosystems, helping to sustain the balance and productivity of these environments.

Distribution of Sitka Spruce in Washington and Oregon